Electrical Power System Protection and Switchgear Training Course

Overview of Power Systems
• Electrical distribution system
• Basic circuit breaker design Protection introduction
• Reading single line diagrams Phasor math
• LV, MV AND HV equipment Per-unit calculations
• Symmetrical components
• Function and types of electrical switchgear Sequence networks
Fundamentals of Protection in Power Systems
• Basic requirements and components
• Need for protective apparatus
• Microprocessor-based relay implementation
• Instantaneous and time overcurrent relays
• Electromechanical relay operating principles
• Device coordination
Categories of Faults and Short Circuit Currents
• Symmetrical units
• Unbalanced faults and earth faults
• Calculation of short circuit MVA
• The development of simple distribution systems
• Equivalent diagrams for reduction of system impedance
• Fault-types, effects and calculations
System Earthing and Earth Faults
• Effect of electric shock on human beings
• Sensitive earth leakage protection
• Phase and earth faults
• Comparison of earthing methods
• System classification
• Protective earthing
Circuit Breakers with Built-in Protection
• Circuit breakers with in-built protection
• Conventional and electronic releases
• Fuse operating characteristics, ratings and selection
• Performance under fault conditions
• Protective relay-circuit breaker combination
Relays and Auxiliary Power Apparatus
• Theory of construction and operation of protective relays
• Communication capability
• Factors influencing the choice of plug setting
• Why breakers and contractors fail to trip
• Universal microprocessor overcurrent relay
• Future of protection for distribution systems
• The necessity for consistent auxiliary power for protection systems
• Technical features of a modern microprocessor relay
• Trip circuit supervision
• Capacity storage trip units
Protection Classification and Relay Coordination
• Design considerations of MV and LV networks
• Basis of selectivity
• Time-current grading
• Coordination between circuits of transformers
• Importance of settings and coordination curves
Unit Security and Functions
• Unit protection systems – recommendations and advantages
• Protective relay systems
• Differential protection
• Main, unit and back-up protection
• Machine, transformer and switchgear protection
• Feeder pilot-wire protection
Safety of Feeders and Lines
• Use of carrier signals in line protections
• Over-current and earth fault protection
• Unit and impedance protection of lines
• Auto-reclosing relays for transmission and distribution lines
• DMT and IDMT arrangements applied to sizeable systems
• Temporary faults and use of auto reclosing as a means of reducing outage time
Protection of Machinery
• Motor protection basics
• An introduction to generator protection
• Transient and steady-state temperature rise
• Typical protective settings for motors
• Thermal time constant
• Unbalanced supply voltages and rotor failures
The Future
• The new age in protection – microprocessor, static and conventional
• Personal protective equipment (PPE)
• Intelligent sectionalizing
• Shock hazard versus burn/blast hazard
• Hazard labelling
• IEEE 1584 and NFPA 70E
• Communication-based overcurrent protection

1ST BATCH: Tuesday, February 3, 2026 — Tuesday, February 3, 2026.

2ND BATCH: Tuesday, May 26, 2026 — Friday, May 29, 2026.

3RD BATCH: Tuesday, September 22, 2026 — Friday, September 25, 2026.

The training methodology integrates lectures, interactive discussions, collaborative group exercises, and
illustrative examples. Participants will acquire a blend of theoretical insights and hands-on practical
experience, emphasizing the application of learned techniques. This approach ensures that attendees return
to their professional environments equipped with both the competence and self-assurance to effectively
implement the acquired skills in their responsibilities.