Modern Power System Analysis and Protective Relaying

POWER SYSTEM AND ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT INTRODUCTION
• Electrical engineering basic concepts
• Three phase power system
• Voltage levels (low / medium / high)
• One line and three-line diagram
• Generation system layout
• Transmission system layout
• Substation system layout
• Distribution system layout
• Industrial switch gears
• Switchgear and protection functions
ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEM FAULTS
• Different types of faults
• Incidence of faults on power system equipment
• Effects of power system faults
• Magnitude of fault current
• Calculation of short circuit current
• Positive, negative and zero sequence systems
• Detection of faults
• Clearance of faults
• Requirements of protective relaying systems
• Electrical equipment damage curves

COORDINATION OF ELECTRICAL PROTECTION SYSTEMS
• Circuit breaker to fuse
• Fuse to circuit breaker
• Computer software packages for protection coordination studies
• Auto-reclosing of circuit breakers
• Back-up protection
• Limitation of fault current
• Selective zones of protection
COMPONENTS OF POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION SCHEMES
• Fault detecting relays historical
• Tripping relays and other auxiliary relays
• Circuit breakers
• Microprocessor-based relays
• Modern protective relaying case studies
• Various types of CTs, VTs & CVTs
• Theory and characteristics of CTs
• Application requirements of CTs for protective relaying
• Accuracy classifications
• Testing of CTs and VTs

MOTOR PROTECTION, STARTING AND CONTROL
• Applicable motor standards
• Methods of starting
• Differential protection, phase unbalance, overcurrent
• Ground fault protection
• Microprocessor-based motor control and protection devices

PROTECTIVE DEVICES AND EARTHING SYSTEMS
• Protection zones and time-current characteristics curves
• Fuse types, applications, selection and coordination
• Digital and numerical relay functionalities
• Ungrounded vs. grounded systems

FEEDER OVERCURRENT AND EARTH FAULT PROTECTION
• Merits and characteristics of feeder protection
• IDMT O/C & E/F protection
• Definite Time (DT) protection
• High-set instantaneous protection
• Transient overreach
• Relay settings

TRANSFORMER DIGITAL AND DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION
• Transformer protection
• Transformer unit protection
• Buchholz and pressure relief operations
• Transformer differential protection complexities & solutions
• Unit and non-unit transformer protection
• Digital transformer protection system
GENERATOR PROTECTION
• Over-frequency, underfrequency, overvoltage, undervoltage
• Negative phase sequence or phase unbalance
• Voltage controlled and voltage restricted overcurrent protection
• Synchronising systems, synchro-check relays
• Comparison of electro-mechanical and electronic relays
• Testing of generator protection schemes
• Microprocessor-based multi-function generator protection relays
• Interpretation of generator capability curve

DIRECTIONAL PROTECTION AND CAPABILITY CURVE
• Faults and protection features
• Protection overview
• Differential protection
• Overall protection
• Full protection with numerical relays

BUSBAR PROTECTION AND DISTANCE PROTECTION FOR OVERHEAD LINES
• Digital busbar protection schemes
• Busbar high impedance protection
• Frame leakage protection
• Line distance protection
• Line differential protection

COGENERATION AND NON-UTILITY GENERATION (NUG) PROTECTION
• Non-utility generating stations
• Interconnection of NUGs to utility power systems
• Typical protection schemes for non-utility generators
• Low-cost microprocessor-based multi-function relays for small generators
• Breaker failure protection
• Testing utility tie protection schemes

TRANSMISSION LINE PROTECTION
• Distance or impedance protection schemes
• Phase comparison protection schemes
• Communication channel requirements between terminals
• Coordination and transfer-tripping between terminals

CAPACITOR PROTECTION
• Application of static capacitors on power systems
• Description of protection schemes used
• Testing of capacitor protection schemes
• Microprocessor-based capacitor protection and controls relay

LATEST DEVELOPMENTS AND FUTURE TRENDS IN PROTECTIVE RELAYING
• Digital relays
• Integrated microprocessor-based systems for protective relaying
• Optical current transformers
• Fibre optic communications

1ST BATCH: Tuesday, January 27, 2026 — Friday, January 30, 2026.

2ND BATCH: Tuesday, May 19, 2026 — Friday, May 22, 2026.

3RD BATCH: Tuesday, September 15, 2026 — Friday, September 18, 2026.

The training methodology integrates lectures, interactive discussions, collaborative group exercises, and
illustrative examples. Participants will acquire a blend of theoretical insights and hands-on practical
experience, emphasizing the application of learned techniques. This approach ensures that attendees return
to their professional environments equipped with both the competence and self-assurance to effectively
implement the acquired skills in their responsibilities.